The parameters of turbine runner affect the hydraulic performance of turbines. The discharge increases with the increase in speed. The resulting jet of water is directed tangentially at buckets on the. In this type of turbine at inlet is in the form of both kinetic as well as pressure energy. The savonius wind turbine is an aerodynamically drag based, selfstarting turbine with low cut in speed but their inefficiency curtails them to fewer applications, whereas, darrieus wind turbines. The turbine connects to the pumped supply of the hydraulic bench. The francis turbine studied in this research has a 2. Francis turbines are best suited for medium heads, say 40m. A compact experiment for use with the hydraulic bench to demonstrate how a francis turbine works and to test its performance. They combine radial and axial concepts in an inwardflow reaction turbine. Overall design and joint supply of turbines and generators for the worlds most powerful hydro plant to date at,300 mw. B francis an american engineer who in beginning designed inward radial flow reaction turbine.
Computational fluid dynamic cfd techniques have played. The pelton wheel is among the most efficient types of water turbines. Practical application of highperformance francisturbine runner fitted with splitter blades at ontake and shinkurobegawa no. Design of large francis turbine using optimal methods e flores, l bornard, l tomas et al. The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. The curves between unit discharge and unit speed are rising curves.
Its complex parameters cause direct effect on the global parameters which change the. Vi semester fluid machinery lab manual tme 654 part of the head acting on the turbine is transformed into kinetic energy and rest remains as pressure head. Laboratoryscale francis turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. It was designed by american scientist james francis. Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. These turbines can be used for heads as low as 2 meters and as high as 300 meters. Pelton turbine experiment, francis turbine diagram. Francis turbines are almost always mounted with the shaft vertical, and they extract energy from the flow as moves through the turbine changing from. To determine the performance characteristics of francis turbine under constant head and constant speed. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy.
Simple project on hydroelectric power station with turbine. Theory pelton wheel turbine is often used to capture fluid kinetic energy head into mechanical energy to rotate a shaft attached at the center of the pelton wheel. The video gives you the basic concepts of francis turbine along with its vector diagram. Pelton turbine among different types of impulse turbines, pelton wheel is the only turbine beingused at present. The pelton wheel turbine is invented by lester allan pelton, an american engineer.
After completion of the experiment, certification of the concerned staff incharge in. Home electrical machines alternator simple project on hydroelectric power station with turbine. Application of variable speed operation on francis turbines. The test rig of the francis turbine is shown in fig. Francis turbine is a reaction type hydraulic turbine, used in dams and reservoirs of medium height to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical and electrical energy. In the united states, most hydroelectric power is generated using a type of reaction turbine called a francis turbine because this type of turbine is most economical. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Francis turbine theory the power output of the turbine is. The francis turbine is the most commonly used turbine today to generate hydroelectricity. Francis turbine lab manual download free of francis turbine lab manual, search for the recommendations in the user guide, schematic diagram, the technical guide or the installation guide. Reaction hydraulic turbines of relatively medium speed with radial flow of water in the component of turbine are runner. Mka03bfrancis turbine lab report assessment rubrics.
Guide on how to develop a small hydropower plant esha 2004 the water pressure is converted into kinetic energy before entering the runner. Kaplan turbine has adjustable runner blades with less number of. Therefore, an evolution took place that converted the francis turbine to. This has the advantage of centrifugal forces acting against the flow, thus reducing the tendency of the turbine to over speed. The inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet is known as francis turbine, after the name of j. Development of low head kaplan turbine for power station rehabilitation project s m lim, n ohtake, s kurosawa et al.
Set the brake at some level and measure the brake load using. Another purpose of the lab is to check turbine scaling laws. The francis turbine was invented by the american inventor james b. Franceis and are used for medium head45400 m and medium discharge. The kinetic energy is in the form of a highspeed jet that strikes the buckets, mounted on the periphery of. Finally the overall efficiency of turbine was calculated along with percentage of full load. The analysis presented here is based on turbine shaft load resulting in utilization of water power and includes overall efficiency, specific. Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today.
It is used when the head is between 80 to 500 metres. Francis turbines are hydro turbines with widest range of application featured with high efficiency, selflubricating bearings with higher specifications and ecofriendly applicable for dam based projects. Francis turbine references cameroon, 2 horizontal francis. Wheels and a francis turbine deduce formulae for power and efficiency for turbines. Additionally, these turbines are beneficial as they work equally well when positioned horizontally as they do when they are oriented vertically. A flow meter is used to measure the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe. The turbine includes 14 stay vanes integrated inside the spiral casing, 28 guide vanes equally arranged before the runner inlet, 15 splitters and 15 blades inside the runner, and an. Hm laboratory manual scribd hm laboratory manual download as pdf file. The tangential flow speeds at inlet and outlet are. Q v t r where q is the volumetric flow rate through the turbine and v t is the tangential flow velocity. In francis turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the turbine axially.
Pelton turbine or wheel is an impulsive turbine used mainly for high head hydroelectric schemes. It was discovered in 188 0 by an american engineer lestera. Pelton wheel turbine theory the power output of the turbine is. The main purpose of this lab is to measure the power output of a francis turbine and to compare this to the theoretical power output. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production. The flow rate and head are given h 1 m q 28,5 m3s p 288 mw 2.
A francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine used most frequently in medium or largescale hydroelectric plants. Pdf application of variable speed operation on francis. There is a difference of pressure between the guide vanes and the runner, which is called the reaction pressure and is responsible for the motion of the runner. The turbine has a sturdy base which sits on the top of the hydraulic bench. Experimental and numerical studies of a highhead francis turbine. In the modern francis turbine, the water enters the runner of the turbine in the radial direction and leaves in the axial. Francis turbine free download as powerpoint presentation.
Losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions francis turbines. Which was designed and developed by the australian engineer viktor kaplan. The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine which was designed and developed by the american engineer james b. Hydraulic turbines are widely used to meet realtime electricity demands. View lab report mka03bfrancis turbine from fkaas daa at tun hussein onn university of malaysia. It was easy to convert high pressure heads to power easily but difficult to do so for low pressure heads. The runner is completely enclosed that is it is air tight. It is located at 306 m msl and operates at a range of water heads of 357. Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. They are often used in large hydroelectric dam systems. It operates under v ery high heads upto 1800 m and requires comparatively lesser quantity of water.
Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems, hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft engines. Pdf design of an experimental test stand for francis type. Francis turbine is one of the most widely used turbine s. Francis 1815 1892 an english born inventor who developed the turbine in the year 1849. This design system is applied to a low head francis turbine runner. Recent citations a systematic validation of a francis turbine under design and offdesign loads chirag trivedinumerical techniques applied to. Pdf experimental evaluation of a francis turbine esat. Francis turbine the francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b.
Experiment no 04 francis turbine turbine pressure measurement. Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate. With about 60% of the global hydropower capacity in the world, francis turbines are the most widely used type of hydro turbine. Francis turbine is a radial inward flow reaction turbine. Kaplantype hydraulic turbine in which the positions of the runner blades and the wicket gates are adjustable for load change with sustained efficiency, it is a purely axial flow turbine with a vertical shaft disposition. Practical application of highperformance francisturbine. The tangential flow velocities at inlet and outlet are. The shaft can then be used to drive an electrical generator to generate electrical power. Experiment no 04 francis turbine free download as word doc. It is explained in easiest terms so that every one can understand the concept. Solve numerical problems for a pelton wheels and a francis turbine.
Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for helical flow. After the completion of the experiment, a curve is plotted between unit discharge and unit speed for francis turbine. The fluid power is converted into kinetic energy in the nozzles. The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. We have provided advanced design and renovation solutions for many new and old hydropower stations at home and abroad. Svartisen p 350 mw h 543 m q 371,5 m s d 0 4,86 m d 1 4,31m d 2 2,35 m b 0 0,28 m n 333 rpm. Experimental investigations of a model francis turbine. Introduction a water turbine is a device for converting water fluid power into shaft mechanical power. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today, and operate in a wide head range of 10 to 650 meters. L argesized francis turbine s are commonly used at hydraulic head range of 20700m. Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines experiment no. Getai hydropower is pelton turbine experiment, francis turbine diagram, francis turbine working, pelton turbine for sale factoty.
Introduction a turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. As a first in japan, two splitterbladefitted runners were installed in the francis turbines at the ontake power station of the kansai electric power co. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. The pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for high heads of water. Francis turbine converts energy at high pressure heads which are not easily available and hence a turbine was required to convert the energy at low pressure heads, given that the quantity of water was large enough. The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine and is used in devices with a wide variety of head and flow. Pelton turbine purpose to experimentally determine the maximum power and maximum efficiency of the pelton wheel turbine. The francis turbine is a laboratoryscale reaction turbine for use with tecquipments digital hydraulic bench h1f, available separately.
564 347 1387 1079 1329 148 326 892 377 754 1128 1353 66 592 323 585 1137 393 1212 1325 194 151 220 113 1286 1012 250 1345 1360 407 1347 1406 126